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This phase III trial compares hematopoietic (stem) cell transplantation (HCT) using mismatched related donors (haploidentical [haplo]) versus matched unrelated donors (MUD) in treating children, adolescents, and young adults with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). HCT is considered standard of care treatment for patients with high-risk acute leukemia and MDS. In HCT, patients are given very high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which is intended to kill cancer cells that may be resistant to more standard doses of chemotherapy; unfortunately, this also destroys the normal cells in the bone marrow, including stem cells. After the treatment, patients must have a healthy supply of stem cells reintroduced or transplanted. The transplanted cells then reestablish the blood cell production process in the bone marrow. The healthy stem cells may come from the blood or bone marrow of a related or unrelated donor. If patients do not have a matched related donor, doctors do not know what the next best donor choice is or if a haplo related donor or MUD is better. This trial may help researchers understand whether a haplo related donor or a MUD HCT for children with acute leukemia or MDS is better or if there is no difference at all.

This phase II trial studies how well atezolizumab or atezolizumab plus bevacizumab works in treating patients with alveolar soft part sarcoma that has not been treated, has spread from where it started to other places in the body (advanced) and cannot be removed by surgery (unresectable). Atezolizumab works by unblocking the immune system, allowing the immune system cells to recognize and then attack tumor cells. Bevacizumab works by controlling the growth of new blood vessels. Giving atezolizumab alone or atezolizumab with bevacizumab may shrink the cancer.

This phase IV trial studies how well standard chemotherapy works in treating young patients with medulloblastoma or other central nervous system embryonal tumors. Drugs used in standard chemotherapy work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading.

This clinical trial studies how well paclitaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab work in eliminating further chemotherapy after surgery in patients with HER2-positive stage II-IIIa breast cancer who have no cancer remaining at surgery (either in the breast or underarm lymph nodes) after pre-operative chemotherapy and HER2-targeted therapy. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as paclitaxel, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Trastuzumab is a form of targeted therapy because it works by attaching itself to specific molecules (receptors) on the surface of tumor cells, known as HER2 receptors. When trastuzumab attaches to HER2 receptors, the signals that tell the cells to grow are blocked and the tumor cell may be marked for destruction by the bodys immune system. Pertuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Giving paclitaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab may enable fewer chemotherapy drugs to be given without compromising patient outcomes compared to the usual treatment.

This phase II/III trial studies how well circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) testing in the blood works to identify patients with stage IIA colon cancer who might benefit from additional treatment with chemotherapy after surgery. ctDNA are small pieces of genetic materials (DNA) that are shed by tumors into the blood. Finding ctDNA in the blood means that there are very likely small amounts of cancer remaining after surgery that may not be detectable using other tests, such as medical imaging. Testing for ctDNA levels may help identify patients with colon cancer who benefit from receiving chemotherapy after surgery. It is not yet known whether giving additional treatment with chemotherapy after surgery to patients who test positive for ctDNA and are at low risk for cancer recurrence would extend their time without disease compared to the usual approach (active surveillance).

This partially randomized phase II/III trial studies how well, in combination with surgery, cisplatin and combination chemotherapy works in treating children and young adults with hepatoblastoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, vincristine sulfate, carboplatin, etoposide, irinotecan, sorafenib, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Giving combination chemotherapy may kill more tumor cells than one type of chemotherapy alone.

This phase I trial evaluates the usefulness of an imaging agent (zirconium Zr 89 panitumumab [89Zr panitumumab]) with positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for diagnosing the spread of disease from where it first started (primary site) to other places in the body (metastasis) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. 89Zr panitumumab is an investigational imaging agent that contains a small amount of radiation, which makes it visible on PET scans. PET is an established imaging technique that utilizes small amounts of radioactivity attached to very minimal amounts of tracer, in the case of this research, 89Zr panitumumab, to allow imaging of the function of different cells and organs in the body. CT utilizes x-rays that traverse the body from the outside. CT images provide an exact outline of organs and potential disease tissue where it occurs in patients body. The combined PET/CT scanner is a special type of scanner that allows imaging of both structure (CT) and function (PET) following the injection of 89Zr panitumumab. This 89Zr panitumumab PET/CT may be useful in diagnosis metastasis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

This study assesses whether DNA released by kidney cancer into the blood stream and urine of patients can be used to monitor tumor burden and tumor response to treatment in patients receiving immunotherapy. Studying samples of blood and urine from patients with kidney cancer that has spread to other places in the body (metastatic) in the laboratory may help doctors predict how well patients will respond to treatment.

This research trial studies the long term follow-up for early detection of lung cancer in current or former smokers. Following up on smokers by collecting and analyzing specimens in the laboratory, performing chest computed tomography (CT) scans, as well as reviewing medical records may help doctors detect lung cancer at an earlier stage.

The goal of this clinical study is to learn more about the long-term safety, effectiveness
and prolonged action of Kite study drugs, axicabtagene ciloleucel, brexucabtagene autoleucel,
KITE-222, KITE-363, KITE-439, KITE-585, and KITE-718, in participants of Kite-sponsored
interventional studies.